Decision Making in Healthcare Organization Free Essays

Running Head: Decision Making in a Healthcare Organization 1 Decision Making in a Healthcare Organization Xavier Hunt MHA 601: Principles of Healthcare Administration Professor Jack Lazzare December 19, 2011 DECISION MAKING IN HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATION 2 In the health care profession a CEO will be asked to make a lot of difficult decisions. The CEO will not only have to make decisions that fit the ongoing vision of the healthcare facility he/she may work at they will also have to form stable relationships with their peers, media, and staff. Decision making occurs in all organizations. We will write a custom essay sample on Decision Making in Healthcare Organization or any similar topic only for you Order Now The decision-making process begins with identifying a question, problem, or area needing improvement, or an operational issue. Problems, issues, questions, and operational challenges come to leaders and managers from many different people both within and outside the health organization (Pablo, 1996). To make the important decision that was given to us in the case study, I would use the garbage can model and its subsets to help me come to a conclusion. This decision involves a lot of people so the choice that will be made will affect all parties involved. In this paper I will discuss how I would tackle this problem with the various tools of decision making through the readings that we have had. The Garbage Can Model How can the garbage can model help in this situation? The garbage can model was invented to expand the understanding of the organization. It addresses the problem that is going on at that time and accepts confusion as a reality. In the garbage can model loose coupling is required in an organization to understand decision making. The garbage can model has also been introduced as a possible method to understand how an organization learns (Tsang, 1997). In the case study the CEO is faced with a myriad of issues like for instance trying to keep the physicians, and adequate staff at the hospital not only that if they were to leave they have threatened to go to their rivals hospitals across the city. The CEO also has to deal with a possible DECISION MAKING IN HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATION 3 lawsuit because the nurse who possibly has HIV has been asked to leave the operating room to work somewhere else. Would this not spark a fire? Could asking the nurse to leave no matter how they tried to butter the deal up still seem like covert discrimination? So the hospital is about to be hit by a media freight train if they cannot get this under control. The garbage can model allows for the CEO to handle these problems accordingly. â€Å"Garbage can decisions can occur in any organization but are more likely to be found in ‘organized anarchies’ where decisions are made under ambiguity and fluid involvement of participants. † Garbage can models are attempts at finding logic and order in the mist of decision-making chaos. Garbage, defined as sets of problems, solutions, energy, and participants, is dumped into a can as they are produced (streams of â€Å"garbage† in time) and when the can is full, a decision is made and removed from the scenario (Takahashi, 2002). The garbage can model depicts the chaotic nature of decision making. Temporal Order Temporal order is a component of the garbage can model. Temporal order replaces sequential order. Time is spatial in that a multitude of issues, problems, information flows, and sensing mechanisms can bombard decision makers in short or long time blocks. How problems and information to resolve the problems arrives in time has relatively equal priority as the evaluation of their importance. Arrival time and sequence in the current context influences decision makers’ attention to the situation. â€Å"The process is thoroughly and generally sensitive to load. An increase in the number of problems, relative to the energy available to work on them, makes problems less likely to be solved, decision makers more likely to shift from one arena to another more frequently, and choices longer to make and less likely to resolve problems† DECISION MAKING IN HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATION 4 (March, 1996). Individuals in the decision-making process, directly and indirectly, are interconnected and influence the context of the decision at hand. The amount of time that the CEO has to make his decision is limited he has to try to make an informed decision about a very sensitive issue that involves a lot of individuals. His decision also will take an effect on peoples family members that use the hospitals services. If he keeps the man will they still want to use the hospital? Or will they go to the cross cities rival hospital? The CEOs problems increased when the media got involved. The CEO has to find a way to balance his time so no one issue become bigger than the other because if he does this something will be forgotten in the process. To combat these issues the CEO will have to be attentive. Attention demands influence decision making. Time and energy must be allocated to understand, evaluate, and formulate a problem, then synthesize relevant information, evaluate options, and finally choose an alternative to counter or terminate the problem. Individuals focus on some things and do not attend to others in the same space of time. Corporate actions, outcomes, and responsiveness are the results of dynamic organizational processes, not heuristics of individual choice (Swanson 1996). Time and energy combine to form â€Å"attention. † Attention is a dynamic concept that is highly dependent on load (that is the number of decisions that need to be made). Information to Media The information that is conveyed to the media is an important tool in this case study. The way that we receive news has dramatically changed in recent years with the addition of social DECISION MAKING IN HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATION 5 etworking sites. These sites allow us to get information much more quickly, and the way a decision is made and perceived can be misconstrued. Information richness is defined as the ability of information to change understanding within a time interval. The longer the time interval to exchange understanding, the less rich the information. Consequently, the less time required the more rich the information is to the communicators (sender and receiver). The media (such as email, the telephone, or face-to-face conversation) that carries information to intended audiences also has a richness associated with it. A continuum of media richness has been established based on the medium’s capacity for immediate feedback, the number of cues and channels utilized personalization, and language variety. In decreasing media richness, the continuum of richness consists of: â€Å"1) face-to-face, 2) telephone, 3) personal documents such as letters, memos, and emails, 4) impersonal written documents, and 5) numeric documents. † The richer the media, the better equivocality can be reduced; media low in richness is best used when communicating messages that are understood well and possess standard information (Draft, 1986). Simply put, face-to-face interaction works best and bulletin board flyers work the worst in transferring meaning. Leaders and managers must consider what media with which to communicate to ensure the highest probability to transfer meaning to their intended audience. So as CEO he need to make sure that he communicate well with the media saying exactly what he means at all times. My final decision would be to not remove the nurse from the operating room because if he is singled out a lawsuit would ensue and it would be hard to say that he was not removed because it is suspected that he has HIV. He cannot be asked if he has it or not because of HIPPA DECISION MAKING IN HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATION 6 laws prohibit this. As long as everyone followed hospitals protocols such as use of blunt tip sutures as approved by the surgeon, a hands free neutral zone large enough where sharps can be placed and not easily tipped over and the use of double gloves in the operating room if would be okay for everyone to work there. If these procedures were taken lightly whoever did not follow would be reprimanded because there is little room for error in this type of setting. It has already been said that you treat everyone as if they are infected not just certain people. DECISION MAKING IN HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATION 7 References Daft RL, Lengel RH. Organizational information requirements, media richness, and structural design. Manage Sci. 1986;22(5):554–571. March JG, Weisinger-Baylon R. Ambiguity and Command: Organizational Perspectives on Military Decision Making. Marshfield, MA: Pitman Publishing; 1986. Pablo AL, Sitkin SB. Acquisition decision-making processes: The central role of risk. Journal of Management. 1996;22(5):723–747. Swanson DL. Addressing a theoretical problem by reorienting the corporate social performance model. Acad Manage Rev. 1995;20 (1):43–65. Takahashi, N. A single garbage can model and the degree of anarchy in Japanese firms. Hum Relat. 2002;50(1):91–109. Tsang EWK. Organizational learning and the learning organization: A dichotomy between descriptive and prescriptive research. Hum Relat. 1997;50(1):73–90. How to cite Decision Making in Healthcare Organization, Papers

Brand Equity and Advertising

Question: Discuss about the Brand Equity and Advertising. Answer: Introduction The study consists of analysing a topic that will assist the viewer of the study to grow interest in the field of professional development related to the topic. Apart from that, different scholars and business leaders are described in the topic in details that will encompass various ideas provided. It will help in growing an interest related to the business topic. The topic selected for the study is the power of branding. It is a popular topic has huge significance in the business world. Apart from that, one can develop career in this field of work. Lot of scopes are present in the world of branding. Ideas of the contemporary topics Branding or a branding is defined as the sets of associations, which are created, by a single person or a group of persons for a company, individual, product or service. These sorts of associations are promoted within the minds of the target markets with the help of different activities of marketing and through corporate identity. For instance, a poor press review is responsible for degrading the brand image of the product. It will harm the brand image of the whole company while creating negative associations in the minds of the consumers in the target market (Buil et al., 2013). Power of branding is responsible for creation of positive impact regarding the brand of the product or individual in the minds of the target customers. Whenever a new product is launched in the market, marketers are busy in promoting the brand and its message in the target customers. The unconscious feeling regarding the brand is known as the fantasy of the brand. Fantasy of a brand is the responsible for the power of branding activities that is being proposed by the marketers associated with the brands. Branding is considered as everything. Business is solely dependent on customers. On the other hand, branding is solely focused to the customers of the target market and community as a whole. Proper branding of a particular product will mould and shape the minds of the customers in the target markets. Through the power of branding, interaction of the brands with the customers is done (Stahl et al., 2012). The conscious signs of branding include the features, prices, attributes, advert ising and marketing techniques of the products, services, individuals. On the other hand, the unconscious side of power of branding include the underlying feeling that is connected to the brand. Both the conscious side and unconscious side of branding help in making the consumer decision making process of purchasing that product (Horng et al., 2012). Exploring personal interests Power of branding is a huge topic that requires a proper understanding level in terms of the brand the person is working with. Branding includes many sub categories such as brand personality, brand equity, brand value, brand management, etc. It requires a high level of communication skills because a single person cannot do the job of branding solely. Many responsibilities are attached with it that requires cooperation of other employees of various departments. A professional of branding must understand the importance of communication in branding (Bruhn et al., 2012). Communication of message between the brand and the target customers are essential. The professional associated with branding should maintain a relationship between designing and branding. For instance, it can be said that, if a company lose its all assets related to production, it can survive in long run. However, if the consumers of the company forget everything about the brand, then that company will certainly not surv ive in the market. Branding is an area where it requires creativity. I am fond of things that require creativity. Brand management is a professional area where people can achieve a good position in their career life by their creativity. Creative strategies are to be formulated in order to improve the performance of the brand in the target market. It is seen that brand managers are responsible for designing elegant business plans regarding branding (Vomberg et al., 2015). If a brand manger does not have a proper knowledge about the power of the brand and the brand he is, working with then he will not be able to exploit the available market opportunities for branding and delivering the market share, sales volume, and projections of profit related to the chosen business vertical. Apart from that, knowledge regarding power of branding is required while executing the formulated strategies by taking the help of a cross-functional team (Zhang et al., 2014). A cross-functional team in the field of branding wil l work if the professional associated with branding communicate properly with the team by proper conveying the message. It is the aspect, which attracts me in the profession of branding. Apart from that, I have a keen interest in gathering knowledge of different types of branding activities that marketers are implementing not only for making the brand successful but also for making a successful growth of career. Demonstration of communication skills Communication skills are the important attributes that are required in almost all phases of life. Without communication, a person cannot express his views or solve the queries of the life. However, in this study essential skills of communication regarding the profession of brand management. Branding is an area that has been my favourite area of interests. Brand management is a difficult task that requires knowledge on various aspects. A person who is responsible for maintaining the image of the brand has to keep in contact with every department of the organization (Erdem Swait, 2016). Feedback from the various departments is necessary, as it is essential to decide the activities that will help in maintaining brand equity in the target market. Communication skills are required to maintain a good range of communication among the employees of the organization related to the department of marketing, customer relationship management. Apart from that, feedbacks of the customers both from online stores and from offline stores are required so that they can be implemented in the strategies of brand management (Buil et al., 2013). Communication is considered as the key aspect that involves collaboration. Both in terms of business life and in terms of social life, communication is essential. Communication skills regarding branding can be developed by following some simple activities. It will help the professional in achieving perfect results in understanding the power of branding. Finally, it will lead to improved branding activities of the company (Aaker Biel, 2013). The steps of improving communication skills in the workplace are taking responsibilities, staying calm in aggressive situations, keeping focus to the goals, encouraging listening, compromising things, avoiding arguments, conveying message to the required employees. If a professional follow the above mentioned steps, then an improvement of the level of communication between the internal and external stakeholders will be identified (Keller, 2016). Finally, it will result in developing a sound career in the field of branding or brand management with a multinational or a global brand. Conclusion Branding is an aspect that has importance both in terms of marketers and in terms of employees. It is seen that there are many leaders who are associated with the profession of branding of different types of world famous brands. Apart from that, it can be said that, there are many kinds of ideas that are found regarding the topic. An aspect of career development is described in details with a proper development of communication skills required to grab an opportunity while being recruited in the field of marketing and branding. For this, a vivid knowledge is required regarding different attributes of branding. References Aaker, D. A., Biel, A. (2013).Brand equity advertising: advertising's role in building strong brands. Psychology Press. Bruhn, M., Schoenmueller, V., Schfer, D. B. (2012). Are social media replacing traditional media in terms of brand equity creation?.Management Research Review,35(9), 770-790. Buil, I., De Chernatony, L. and Martnez, E. (2013). Examining the role of advertising and sales promotions in brand equity creation.Journal of Business Research,66(1), pp.115-122. Buil, I., Martnez, E., de Chernatony, L. (2013). The influence of brand equity on consumer responses.Journal of consumer marketing,30(1), 62-74. Erdem, T., Swait, J. (2016). The Information-Economics Perspective on Brand Equity.Foundations and Trends in Marketing,10(1), 1-59. Horng, J. S., Liu, C. H., Chou, H. Y., Tsai, C. Y. (2012). Understanding the impact of culinary brand equity and destination familiarity on travel intentions.Tourism Management,33(4), 815-824. Keller, K. L. (2016). Reflections on customer-based brand equity: perspectives, progress, and priorities.AMS Review, 1-16. Stahl, F., Heitmann, M., Lehmann, D. R., Neslin, S. A. (2012). The impact of brand equity on customer acquisition, retention, and profit margin.Journal of Marketing,76(4), 44-63. Vomberg, A., Homburg, C., Bornemann, T. (2015). Talented people and strong brands: The contribution of human capital and brand equity to firm value.Strategic Management Journal,36(13), 2122-2131. Zhang, S. S., van Doorn, J., Leeflang, P. S. (2014). Does the importance of value, brand and relationship equity for customer loyalty differ between Eastern and Western cultures?.International Business Review,23(1), 284-292.

Business Law Safety of the Clients

Question: Discuss about the Business Law for Safety of the Clients. Answer: Executive Summary The individuals engage in various contracts for mutual benefits and for the prosperity of the businesses. The agreements vary from time to time and each involved parties have their issues that need to be addressed. It must be signed for it to be valid and for the objectives set to be achieved. The parties must ensure they understand the statements before signing the agreement. It is to ensure that they are clear and to prevent any breach of the contract as it is unacceptable in a court of law. An individual may face heavy fines due to breaching of the contract or get suspended from accessing the government contracts. The parties involved in the agreements should ensure that they mutually benefit from the contract and not use others for their own advantage. There should be fairness while engaging in the contracts to prevent future issues or creating conflicts. Many people end up being enemies due to lack of cooperation and respect while undertaking the business they have signed up to do. It is the best thing for the parties to give out their best and ensure everyone benefits. Bill and Jill vs Dodgy Pty Ltd The Sydney cbd caf was bought by Bill and Jill from the contract seller Dodgy Pty Ltd for a period of 5 years. The seller did not give the clear details about the operation of the business and the amount of cash it earns weekly[1]. Bill and Jill should ensure they have the signed documents to outline the agreement they engaged in with Dodgy Pty Ltd. On the other hand, the seller should be sued for giving wrong information to the buyers[2]. It is against the law to use false information to win the clients mind for one advantage[3]. It is punishable in a court of law and the seller may end up facing heavy fines for the intended mistake. In addition to that, the Dodgy Pty Ltd should also cater for the mental distress that they have cause Bill and Jill[4]. They expected a particular amount weekly and the business never earned the cash. The seller stated an amount in the contract was higher than what the caf was earning weekly. There was a difference of 8,000 dollars on the weekly takings that was not acceptable by Bill and Jill as it was not their expectation[5]. There should have been clear details about the business and the contract seller should have given the right information regarding the enterprise (Rush Ottley, 2006). The contract is a very vital document as it outlines the terms and conditions that need to be followed for the benefit of the involved parties[6]. The business law ensures that the rights of the individuals who have engaged in the contracts. Bill and Jill will be compensated for their loss if they follow the law and report the matter to the authorities[7]. The court of law judges will help determine the final ruling and ensure that justice prevails. The Dodgy Pty Ltd had no right to give false information to the clients[8]. They should ensure that they always give correct details to avoid any complications or deceiving the customers. The law will ensure that Bill and Jill get their compensation from Dodgy Pty Ltd. It will help reduce the mental distress among that Bill and Jill are experiencing[9]. Moreover, they should have gotten legal advice so that the details of the contract would have been clarified to them. There are statements that may be confusing in the agreement and need t o be understood clearly to prevent any future misunderstandings[10] (McKendrick, 2012). Hugh Pizza Business The pizza business ran by Hugh should follow the right procedure to ensure it is accordance to the law. The individual had been using the UberEats to pick up and deliver the pizzas to the clients all over Sydney. The sales have been good and the food delivery has ensured the success of the business. In addition to that, the change of the delivery mode to cut the expenses is not in the right manner as required by law[11]. There should be registered documents to show that they are legally allowed to handle the advertisements or operating the business. The management of the enterprise should be handled in the right way to ensure the success of the business[12]. The law requires one to acquire the business permit that allows one to operate a particular business on a day to day basis. The organization may be a sole proprietor or a partnership depending on the persons that need to engage in business[13]. The business laws stipulate the rules that need to be followed by all the businesses f or a smooth running. The individuals who operate the enterprises should keep this in mind and ensure that they follow them to avoid any penalties or facing the court of law[14]. It is important for the best of the organization and its clients so as to avoid any complications in the future. The conflicts with the authorities due to lack of the required documents or not following the rules should be minimal and avoided at all times[15]. The violation of the law is not accepted and the persons should do their best to follow the rules (Gillies, 2004). The UberPizzaDelivery may face heavy fines and end up lacking permission to operate the business. It is because they do not have the required documents to handle all the tasks they require. It is the duty of the management to ensure that they undertake the right measures and follow the law to acquire the relevant documents for the enterprise[16]. On the other hand, the introduction of other materials such as cheese that is not fresh is unacceptable. The organization need to face charges for its action. In addition to that, the business should face murder charges for producing pizza with out of date ingredients. The customers got sick and one of them died in the process for consuming pizza that does not meet the requirements. It is inappropriate for an individual to use ingredients that are stale to cut costs without worrying about the health of the clients. The health of the customers should be given priority as they are the ones who help the organization generate income from time to time[17]. They should be treated with respect they deserve to help have constant clients for the business (Frey Frey, 2001). The court of law will impose heavy fines to the pizza business and also be accused of murder for producing products that are harmful to the health of the people. The ingredients should be well checked and certified by the health officers to ensure they do not harm people. The business should also be put under surveillance for the authorities to monitor its activities[18]. The health officials should be deployed and check the status of the pizza production area and the ingredients that are used. It will ensure the safety of the public and ensure that no more deaths occur. The individual operating the business can also risk jail sentence due to murder caused by the pizza produced using out of date ingredients. The court of law has the power to terminate the business and impose heavy fines on the owner of the pizza business[19]. On the other hand, the customers can also report the matter to the court and the enterprise will be held liable for its mistakes. The organization will have to pay for the mental distress they have caused the clients and also take care of the medical bills to ensure the safety of the customers (Frey Frey, 2001)[20]. Conclusion Lastly, it will serve as an example to the other persons who engage in such dirty businesses without thinking of the safety of the clients. Their main aim is to make money at the expense of the customers who on a day to day basis help generate income for the business. It is not acceptable by the law or even the society. The business individuals should do clean businesses that help them succeed gradually but not looking for other ways to become richer faster. The greed for money led to Hugh using the stale ingredients to make the pizzas that he sold to his customers all over Sydney. He had earlier been famous for his good products and he used this advantage to sell other pizzas that had been produced in the wrong manner. The health of the people deteriorated at a high rate and many got hospitalized as one of them died in the process. The business should serve as an example to other organizations that may have other motives other than conducting the intended business. References Beatty, J. F., Samuelson, S. S. (2007).Business law and the legal environment. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/West. Rush, J., Ottley, M. (2006).Business law. London: Thomson. Gillies, P. (2004).Business law. Sydney: Federation Press. Abbott, K., Pendlebury, N., Wardman, K. (2007).Business law. London: Thomson. Cheeseman, H. R. (2016).Business law: Legal environment, online commerce, business ethics, and international issues. Boston : Pearson Goldman, A. J., Sigismond, W. D. (2011).Business law: Principles and practices. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Frey, M. A., Frey, P. H. (2001).Essentials of contract law. Albany, NY: West/Thomson Learning. McKendrick, E. (2012).Contract law: Text, cases, and materials. Oxford, U.K: Oxford University Press. Case Laws AGC (Advances) Ltd v McWhirter (1977) 1 BLR 9454 Air Great Lakes Pty Ltd v KS Easter (Holdings) Pty Ltd [1989] 2 NSWLR 309 Alati v Kruger (1955) 94 CLR 216 Andrews v Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd [2012] HCA 30 Astley v Austrust Limited (2000) 197 CLR 1; [1999] HCA 6 (4 March 1999) Baltic Shipping Co v Dillon (1993) 176 CLR 344 Booker Industries Pty Ltd v Wilson Parking (Qld) Pty Ltd [1982] HCA 53; (1982) 149 CLR 600 Brisbane City Council v Group Products Pty Ltd [1979] HCA 54 Butler Machine Tool Co Ltd v Ex-Cell-O Corp (England) Ltd [1979] 1 WLR 401 Coal Cliffs Collieries Pty Ltd v Sijehama Pty Ltd (1991) NSWLR 1 Commercial Bank of Australia v Amadio (1983) 151 CLR 447 Concrete Constructions v Nelson (1990) 169 CLR 594 Demagogue Pty Ltd v Ramensky (1992) 39 FCR 31 Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v Selfridge and Co Ltd [1915] AC 847 Foran v Wight [1989] HCA 51; (1989) 168 CLR 385 Gates v City Mutual Life Assurance Society Ltd (1986) 160 CLR 1 Google Inc v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission [2013] HCA 1 (6 February 2013) Koompahtoo Local Aboriginal Land Council v Sanpine Pty Limited (2007) 233 CLR 115 Luna Park (NSW) Ltd v Tramways Advertising Pty Lt (1938) 61 CLR 28 National Australia Bank Ltd v Garcia (1996) 39 NSWLR 577; [1996] NSWSC 253 Port Jackson Stevedoring Pty Ltd v Salmond Spraggon (Aust) Pty Ltd [1978] HCA 8; (1977) 139 CLR 23 Walford v Miles [1992] 2 AC 128

Unilevers Personal Care Products

Introduction The purpose of this report is to analyze Unilever’s Personal Care Products, review data with TOWS matrix, PESTLE, and VIRO analysis, competitive analysis using competitive perceptual map, segmentation strategy and buying behaviors for each segment, corporate and marketing strategies to reach target market and discuss product life cycle along with investment strategy and business level strategy for each SBU.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Unilever’s Personal Care Products specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Company Background A leading global manufacturer of packaged consumer goods, Unilever started its formal journey in 1930 through the merger of Lever Brothers and Margarine Unie; however, eleven of its brands had annual profits worldwide of more than $1.0 billion (Deighton 1 and Graul 13). According to the annual report 2011 of this company, it has more than 171,000 efficient employees a ll over the world and it has plan to double the size of the company in the near future, which would help the company to implement expansion plan of the company. Graul (14) stated that personal care is one of the segments of Unilever, which competes directly with Procter Gamble; however, the following figure shows that Unilever occupied about 7.8% global personal products industry. Figure 1: Global Personal Products Market Share Source: Graul (35)Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dove Deighton (1) stated that Dove was the world’s number-one â€Å"cleansing† brand of this company by competing with Procter and Gamble’s Ivory, Kao’s Jergens, and other related products; however, it was launched in 1957 and contained high levels of natural skin moisturizers. According to the annual report 2011 of this company, the management team conducted research and integrated marketing campaign to position this brand in global market and became market leader in personal care sector; therefore, sales of Dove exceeded â‚ ¬3.0 billion in 2011, underlying sales growth was 8.20%, and turnover was more than â‚ ¬15.50 billion. At the same time, Deighton (1) pointed out that Unilever interviewed 3,000 respondents of ten countries to assess their view to develop effective marketing plan and media plan, enhance relationship with customer and conduct IMC campaign. Axe Unilever launched Axe in France in 1983 and expanded business with this brand in more than 60 countries; however, this brand captured about 20% market share of male grooming brand in all continents (Joachimsthaler 16). This brand controlled a whopping 83% share of the $180.0 million market in 2005; On the other hand, the target market of this brand was 18 to 24 years old men and this target group played vital role to become number one brands in the US and European market; However, 3 5% of young men aged eleven to twenty-four used Axe’s summer; According to the annual report 2011, value market shares up overall with strong gains in the US market; Unilever developed new products using brang awareness of Axe, for example, the fragrance variant Essence was created and introduced in 2003 and Touch ‘modern, fresh, watery, woody fragrance’ introduced in the summer of 2004 (Joachimsthaler 21). Rexona Unilever considered Rexona as one of the most prominent and wing brands for this company and the world’s largest deodorant brands; in addition, this company launched Motionsense technology in 2011 with this brand (Unilever 10). Other renowned personal care brands are – Lux: Lux soaps are one of the best selling products of Unilever, which have a wide range of forms, such as flakes, bars, and liquids (all of which are gentle to skin as Unilever conforms to all product safety regulations) Sunsilk: Chiefly intended for females, this is the globe’s foremost brand in hair-conditioning and the second-largest in shampoo market, and is sold in sixty- nine nations globally Close-up: It is also one of the most profitable toothpaste-brands that claims to keep teeth whiter, brighter and stronger; moreover, it is the first gel toothpaste in the world, which was brought in market in 1967 Lifebuoy: It was launched in the UK in 1895, which today has the maximum market-penetration in the soap product group (almost ninety- one percent); moreover, it is reasonable and easily available to assist global communities to develop cleanliness Fair lovely: Karnani (2) stated that Unilever marketed a skin whitening cream ‘Fair Lovely,’ and it is profitable and fast growing brand; however, 90% of Indian women want to use whiteners though it contains harmful chemicals; Clear Shampoo: Unilever launched its hair care product ‘Clear’ and developed this product with unique ingredients to effectively eliminate dand ruff with every wash and it has already sold in 42 countries; TOWS Matrix for Unilever The table below shows the TOWS Matrix for Unilever by scrutinizing its present position and future prospects throughout the global market:Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Unilever’s Personal Care Products specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More TOWS Matrix Strengths – S Weaknesses – W Strong brand image Wide range of services Impressive technological infrastructure Poor association with consumers Incompetent organization of products Plunging profits Opportunities – O SO – Strategies WO – Strategies Increasing demands for healthy products Prospects of entering new markets 1. Making investments to developing healthy products with its strong technological-infrastructure 1. Entering new markets to raise profits Threats – T ST – Strategies WT – Strateg ies 1. Eurozone crisis 2. Increased Competition 1. Further strengthening brand-image by advertisements to gain advantage over competitors 1. Reorganising product-portfolio to cope with crisis Table 6: TOWS Matrix of Unilever Source: Self generated PESTLE analysis Political Factors Unilever concentrates on political factors (unstable political position, hostile government attitude, tax policy, etc.) and set a standard or tactical way of handling political issues to create favorable business environment to sustain national and international market, for instance, it uses experience and goodwill to bargain with government to change policy towards foreign companies, new entrants, tax exemption and so on. Economic Factors The main economic concerns are the purchasing power of the customer falls significantly all over the world, customers reluctant to buy expensive product, the personal care business environment becomes extremely competitive in European market for EU free trade policy , and uncertainty about duties due to inflation and fluctuation of currency. Socio-cultural factors The company is very much committed to ensure conformity with its corporate social responsibility guidelines that highly focuses on endorsing social and cultural factors in its operational areas; for example, it is working to improve hygiene and better nutrition to people in Asia, Africa and Latin America, and recruiting about 100 nationalities to ensure diversity in workplace. Technological factors The company is investing more on its IT infrastructure to enhance its business particularly in e-business; moreover, the company is also trying to diminish cost through IT-efficiencies at international level; additionally, Unilever Technology Venture works in partnership with Unilever RD group to meet consumers’ demands in areas of genomics, advanced bioscience, advanced materials science and nanotechnology Legal factors According to the annual report, the company is bound to follow the provincial and international laws, especially legislation regarding product-safety, product-claims, patents, competition, corporate governance, employment and so on, as inability to conform to these can expose Unilever to lawsuits leading to damages, fines, and criminal-sanctions with potential harm to its commercial statusAdvertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Environmental factors The company is extremely cautious to ensure environmentally friendly production process by focusing on sustainable solutions. The following figure shows the company’s sustainable drives from 1995 to 2010: Figure 5: Eco-friendly activities from 1995 to 2010 Source: Generated from Unilever (2) The following figure demonstrates the company’s greenhouse gas footprint: Figure 5: Greenhouse gas footprint of Unilever Source: Generated from Unilever (19) The chart below illustrates the company’s water footprint: Figure 5: Water footprint of Unilever Source: Unilever (23) VIRO Analysis Unilever has raised its value over the rivals, but its resources are imitable and the competencies are rare; however, the following table evaluates its position: Valuable: Imitable: Rare: Organized: Competitive inference: Economic-performance Strong/ Weak Unilever is capable of utilizing opportunities and defusing threats with the resources and competencies It is easy to imitate the resources and competencies The resources and competencies are in the control of few people Unilever is organized to some extent in utilizing the resources Short- term competitive advantage Above usual standard Strong and unique proficiency Table 6: VIRO framework for Unilever Source: Self generated Competitive Perceptual Map Mullins, Orville and Harper (325) stated that customers may have limited knowledge the necessary physical attributes of the brands, but they6 can purchase or using considering competitive offerings; in addition, perceptual positioning is important factor since many customers may not bother with brand’s physical characteristics. Mullins, Orville and Harper (325) further addressed that it gives a visual representation of the positions of various products or brands that show the differences and similarities in perceptions; however, it is essential for the companies to find out determinant attributes to prepare poisoning map to help the customers to evaluate competing brands. Most of the time, Unilever collects data about customer’s perceptions for goods and uses value along with quality of the products as determinant attributes so far customers can select right one; however, the following figure shows perceptual mapping for personal care products – Figure 1: Perceptual Mapping for personal care products Source: Self generated BCG’s Market Growth Share Matrix The following figure illustrates growth share matrix of Unilever and identifies key competitiveness including brand image, innovation, technologies, and large market share of national and international market (Cescau and Richard 7). Figure 1: Growth Share Matrix of Unilever Source: Cescau and Richard (7) Segmentation Strategy and Buying Behaviours for Each Segment The graph below illustrates the buying behaviour of the customers through the operating margin in particular segments. In personal care segment, there is a fixed customer base providing sound buying behaviour, in home care segment, there is random buying tendency with declining drift in 2010 and 2011, in foods segment, there is a variable customer base with highest sales in 2008, and in refreshment segment, there is an irregular buying behaviour with better sales than 2004. Figure 5: Buying behaviour Source: Unilever (4) Segments Buying Behaviours Segmentation Strategy Personal Care Stable customer base ensuring steady buying behaviour Segmenting the market based on gender; for example, different soaps or deodorants for men and women Home Care Fluctuating buying behaviour with falling trend Segmenting the market by focusing on people ageing 25 or above; for example, by formulating advertisements for home care products by only targeting adults Foods Variable buying pattern with increasing trend Unilever should try to segment the market by income levels; for example, by offering diversely priced food items Refreshment Irregular customer bas e This market should be segmented by age, with especial focus on promotions targeted at children Table 6: Segmentation strategy and buying behaviours Source: Self generated Corporate and Marketing Strategies to Reach Target Market in a Segment To reach the target market in the personal care segment, Unilever follows the corporate strategies of targeting a mass-market (by attracting a wide variety of customers in numerous demographic groups) and being a cost leader (by offering lower prices than that of the competitors). The marketing strategies to reach the target market includes bringing out new-products, spreading out circulation and product supply, entering into new foreign-markets, and spending more on promotional activities. Origin of Need for New Product/Service Based On PESTLE The origin of need for new product is the demand of consumers in the areas of genomics, advanced-bioscience, advanced-materials-science, and nanotechnology; moreover, as suggested in the technologica l factors of the PESTLE-analysis, Unilever-Technology-Venture works in partnership with Unilever research and development group to meet consumers’ demands in those areas; this has led the company to bring out innovations like Men+Care. Most importantly, Unilever (4) pointed out that the new product range under the Men+ Care has raised the turnover above thirty percent Product Portfolio Analysis Personal Care: According to the annual report 2011 of this company, personal care consists of skin care (Dove, Lux, Fair Lovely) and daily hair care products (Clear, Sunsilk, etc.), deodorants (Axe, Rexona) and oral care products, Personal Care 2011 ($ million) 2010 ($ million) % change Turnover 15,471 13,767 12.4 Operating profit 2,536 2,296 10.5 Operating margin (%) 18.0 18.0 – Sales growth (%) 8.2 6.4 Volume growth (%) 4.2 7.9 Effect of price changes (%) 3.8 (1.4) Table 1: Financial overview of Personal Care segment Source: Unilever 23 Home Care: Dish w ash (VIM), Fabric softeners, Fabric wash, Household cleaner, and Mosquito coil Foods: Beverages, Margarine, Snack, Seasoning, and Other products Refreshment: Ice cream and drinks brands, weight-management products, and tea-based beverages, for instance, Lipton is one of the world’s great refreshment brands Product life cycle Unilever possesses a huge number of personal care products, but the leading products are Lux, Dove, Sunsilk, Lifebuoy, Clear, Axe, Men+Care, Rexona and Close- up; moreover, according to Management Paradise (1), Lux and Dove is in the maturity stage of the lifecycle. Although Sunsilk was heading towards the maturity stage, introduction of fresh fragrances and new packaging together with new features has raised the sales, putting it in the growth stage (Unilever, 8). In addition, Lifebuoy, Clear, Axe, Rexona, and Close- up all are in the maturity stage, with the highest profits generated from Axe; however, Men+Care, being a new product range, is in the int roduction stage. SBU Analysis investment strategy Figure 1: growth priorities into investment plans Source: Cescau and Richard (12) Business level strategy for each SBU With 12 brands that each goes above 1b Euro yearly sales, Unilever’s growth has sustained because its cost leadership strategy in all of its SBUs; in addition, in each SBU Unilever maintains adequate differentiation; moreover, Unilever is the leader in five of six food-segments and two of six segments in Home and Personal Care, and it holds the second position in two of the six Home and Personal Care segments Works Cited Cescau, Patrick and Richard Rivers. Unilever’s Growth Strategy. 2010. Web. http://www.unilever.com/images/ir_1.2_growth_strategy_slides_rivers_1303_ppt_tcm13-86707.pdf. Deighton, John. 2008. Dove: Evolution of a Brand. PDF file. http://www.hbsp.harvard.edu.. Graul, Lee Ann. 2006. Procter Gamble, Unilever and the Personal Products Industry. 2006. PDF file. http://info.umuc.edu/mba/ep/P resentation/EP_Olp/data/GSA.pdf. Joachimsthaler, Erich. 2012. Formulating a Strategic Blueprint for Action. PDF file. www.harvardbusiness.org/press. Karnani, Aneel. 2007. Case Study: ‘Fair Lovely’ Whitening Cream. PDF file. http://www.un.org/esa/coordination/DWDG.Fair.Lovely.SMJ.pdf. Management Paradise. Lux- A Comprehensive Study. 2009. Web. http://www.managementparadise.com/forums/marketing-management/139305-lux-comprehensive-study.html Mullins, John. Orville Walker. Harper Boyd. Marketing. PDF file. http://www.burgesscompany.com/mba/h17mkcoursetext.pdf. Scribd. Strategic Marketing Planning. 2010. Web. http://www.scribd.com/doc/29438236/21739056-Strategic-Marketing-Planning. Uhmhoabhi, Fredrick Albert. Pestle analysis: a report on Unilever. PDF file. http://www.codewit.info/articles/Uhmhoabhi20172045.pdf. Unilever. 2011. Annual report 2011 of Unilever. PDF file. http://www.unilever.com/images/uslp-Unilever_Sustainable_Living_Plan_Progress_Report_2011_tcm13-284779.p df. Unilever. 2011. Unilever Charts 2011. PDF file. http://www.unilever.com/images/Unilever_AR11_tcm13-282960.pdf. Unilever. 2011. Unilever Sustainable Living Plan. PDF file. http://www.unilever.com/images/uslp-Unilever_Sustainable_Living_Plan_Progress_Report_2011_tcm13-284779.pdf. This essay on Unilever’s Personal Care Products was written and submitted by user GhostRider to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Columbus Unmasked A Peek Behind Historical Persona

Columbus Unmasked A Peek Behind Historical Persona An icon of exploration, early innovator of navigation and shrewdly ambitious, Christopher Columbus is one of those historical figures with plenty of lessons to teach us. In this article we’re going to skip past the more well-known info, and take a sobering look at what a profound impact his life had upon the human species as a whole. The Duality of Great Minds No one’s ever claimed Mr. Columbus is or was a saint. While as children we’re taught about the four trips across the Atlantic in search of a new and shorter route to Asia, adults tend to shield us from the realities of those days. For example, slavery. â€Å"They should be good servants†¦.I, our Lord being pleased, will take hence, at the time of my departure, six natives for your Highnesses.† That’s taken from his own personal journal; the entry was October 12th, 1492, the first day he met Native Americans. The â€Å"captives† were then pranced through the streets of Barcelona, as glory to an expanding empire. 522 years ago slavery was a fact of life. The world was a very different place. Columbus and his crew had other agendas besides forging new trade routes. They also sought to glorify the Spanish crown, sow seeds of Catholicism wherever they went and exploit indigenous people for riches and glory. The Balancing Act of History We can’t cast stones today, because we have no idea what it was really like to mingle with royalty and sail the seas in old ships, to meet new people and explore brand new territories. The more you learn about Columbus the more and more human he becomes. As is often the case in life, you have to take the good with the bad, so to speak. Did he forge a connection between two worlds literally a world apart? Yes. Does that mean he’s solely responsible for everything that took place afterwards in terms of conquest, colonization and laying the foundation for America as we know it? No. A Mix of Destiny and Free Will It was either destiny or chance that Columbus would be, â€Å"the guy† who opened to the door to a gargantuan transfer of people, plants, animals, diseases, etc. We’ll never know. Perhaps it was a bit of both. Regardless, it had to be someone. At the time, we can assume that he saw himself as a great man, destined to have his name stitched into the fabric of human history. And he was right! But did he intend to bring small pox to the Native Americans? No. How could someone at that time understand what was happening? They had no way to look at the world as a huge petri dish and grasp the dangers of mixing foreign cultures. All he knew was ambition. All he knew was serving his interests, as well as the interests of the Spanish crown, his crews, the church and financiers. A Timeless Rags to Riches Story Well, in truth, he didn’t die a rich man. In fact, according to Biography.com: â€Å"In the two remaining years of his life, Columbus struggled to recover his lost titles and in May of 1505 did regain some of his riches, but his titles were never returned. He died May 20, 1506 still believing he had discovered a shorter route to Asia.† But, he did manage to go from the adventurous son of a wool merchant, to hatching a plan that would transform our world. He was also a pretty smart guy. Here’s an interesting snipped from History.com: â€Å"When he was still a teenager, he got a job on a merchant ship. He remained at sea until 1470 [19 years old], when French privateers attacked his ship as it sailed north along the Portuguese coast. The boat sank, but the young Columbus floated to shore on a scrap of wood and made his way to Lisbon, where he studied mathematics, astronomy, cartography and navigation.† So, if he didn’t really discover America, and he wasn’t the first explorer to land in the New World, why did he become the darling of history? Because his expeditions above all others at the time led to Spanish conquistadores and the eventual creation of modern America. Was it pretty? Yes and no. Truly Remember Columbus If you look into this man, and delve into the complexities of the things he set in motion, your perspective of today is going to rapidly evolve. Honor history, and honor humanity and dig a bit deeper than the bullet-point perspective. Thanks for reading and Happy Columbus Day!

H.H. Holmes Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

H.H. Holmes - Case Study Example The second floor of the castle consisted of sinister guest rooms equipped with trap doors, peepholes, chutes leading to the basement, and moving walls. The chutes led to either a vat of quicklime or acid, or to the incinerator. The rooms were fire resistant padded with asbestos lining (Larson 4). Holmes is known to have committed most of the murders he allegedly was responsible for in the hotel. It was confirmed that Holmes actually committed four murders while he made confession of having committed twenty-seven. It is speculated that he may have committed as many as two hundred murders. Some of his victims were taken from the World’s Fair, which took place about two miles away from his hotel. Holmes is reported to have killed his victims either by pumping poisonous gas into the rooms as guests slept or by poisoning them with chloroform after sneaking into their rooms through the trap doors as they slept. He disposed the bodies by carrying them to the chutes. Apart from the gu est rooms, the Castle had a torture room equipped with an elasticity determinator, which he used to stretch his victims to death (Schechter 13). In a jewelry store on the first floor of the castle, Holmes employed a man as the manager. According to Ramsland, the man had a wife, about six feet tall. She ended up having an affair with Holmes that led to divorce from her husband. She later got pregnant and was convinced by Holmes to have an abortion. Holmes offered to perform the abortion. Later on, Holmes sold a six-foot tall skeleton of a woman for $200 to Hahnemann Medical College. In another incident, a woman named Emmaline Cigrand fell in love with Holmes. They arranged for a marriage; however, Holmes suffocated her to death in a vault, in the Castle, on the day the marriage ceremony was expected to take place (Schechter 37). After a case of murder that had occurred in Philadelphia in 1894 was discovered, the case of Holmes started developing. The police were informed of a scam th at had recently occurred by Marion Hedgepeth, who had once shared a cell with a man named H. M. Howard, and had given Howard the name of an attorney to assist in committing an insurance fraud. The scam involved another man called Benjamin Pitezel, who was assisted by Holmes to get a $10000 life insurance cover from Fidelity Mutual Association in Chicago; and would later fake his own death in an explosion in the laboratory in order to claim insurance compensation. Holmes had informed Pitezel that they would use a cadaver to fake the death. Holmes tricked his accomplice into heavy drinking before soaking him in benzene and burning him to death. He then extinguished the fire and poured chloroform into the stomach of Pitezel’s body. Holmes then altered the scene to create an impression that the death had been caused by an accidental explosion (Geyer 63). In order to collect the money from insurance compensation, there was required a family member to identify the body. Since Pitez el’s wife was sick, Holmes took his daughter for the task. Pitezel’s wife was unaware of her husband’s death. The money was to be shared among several participants in the scam, including Hedgepeth, but Howard schemed and made off with the money. A detailed letter written by Hedgepeth about the scam was passed on to the insurance company, where it was realized that the Howard in question was actually Holmes. Hedgepeth offered the

Organisational Development Plan Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Organisational Development Plan - Coursework Example The paragraphs below will be looking at how the organizational structure and its development are fitted within the overall organizational development agenda of the force as it performs its security functions. As stated in the foregoing paragraph of this essay, one of the responsibilities of the Port Authority is to secure the nation’s leading airports, consequently the main ports under the security watch of the Port Authority are the John F. Kennedy International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport and the LaGuardia Airport. Judging by the sensitivity of these entry points to national security the role of the Port Authority Police Department is very important. They carry out duties spanning from checking security details of all human and vehicular movements in and around the airport, in addition to offering special security detachment service to diplomats and other high profiled personalities traveling through the airport. Operating from Jersey City in New Jersey, the headquarters of the Port Authority Police Department’s headquarters has a complex network of personnel and equipment that are constantly working around the clock to collate crime related information, analyze the information and proceed to transmit the information to the relevant task force for onward action to be taking to this effect. The New York and New Jersey Intelligence and Crime Information Systems and the National Crime Information Centre headquartered in Washington DC are working in close partnership to make the campaign against crime a living reality. In many ways this essay is intended to present a lucid procedure for carrying out a comprehensive analysis scheme that will adequately fit the within the boarders of the changing dynamics of organizational development in contemporary justice and public safety institutions. It addresses the pivotal place to embrace the process of transformation,